Poland has decided to indefinitely close its border with Belarus due to security concerns. What began as a temporary measure has turned into a permanent blockade of a crucial trade route between China and the European Union, which annually sees goods worth around €25 billion transported through it.
The closure followed joint Russia-Belarus military exercises and increased hybrid activities at the border. Polish authorities state that citizen safety is prioritized over economic interests.
This decision has significantly impacted rail shipments between China and Europe, which in 2024 grew by over 10% in volume and 85% in value. The Polish government noted the border will reopen only when the situation is secure, without naming a date.
The new policy complicates logistics for many businesses: cargo flows are being rerouted through Lithuania, Latvia, Kazakhstan, and the Black Sea, increasing delivery times and costs. Both Polish and Belarusian transport workers have been affected by the blockade.
Rail shipments—including medicines and food—have substantially dropped due to the closure. Companies are unclear on whether they will be compensated for losses, and uncertainty remains over the duration of the blockade and alternative routes.
Poland is working with international partners to pressure China, urging Beijing to influence Russia and Belarus. The US and several European countries have not opposed the move, viewing it as a way to increase leverage on China.
Overall, despite the economic losses and logistical challenges, Poland’s position highlights the priority of security over commerce. Europe and China are seeking alternative supply routes, while the situation at the Polish-Belarusian border remains tense.
