The issue of security guarantees for Ukraine remains complex and controversial. Experts note that, without real military presence from partners—such as bases or units akin to NATO’s Article 5—promises of defense often remain empty declarations.
The recent Russian missile attack on major American investments in Zakarpattia, which were civilian, export-oriented, and unrelated to military infrastructure, has raised questions about the effectiveness of such guarantees. Experts argue that foreign capital alone does not guarantee safety unless it is backed by concrete defensive responses.
Discussion references a US-Ukraine agreement to establish an investment fund, but the document contains no direct security guarantees and is not yet fully ratified. Official responses so far have been mostly limited to statements.
According to experts, Russia’s recent political moves primarily aim to stall the peace process. Divergent rhetoric at international negotiations and coordinated statements by Russian officials suggest reluctance to commit to real security guarantees, including barring foreign troops from Ukraine or involving China in the process.
Interlocutors believe that Ukraine’s security assurance remains unresolved and that mechanisms unsupported by actions are considered insufficient.
