An expert discusses the possibilities of creating new security alliances based on the European Union, where Ukraine could play a crucial role. The formation of military blocs remains an open issue, but the emergence of defense or self-defense alliances appears inevitable in some form—either through NATO or via bilateral and multilateral security coalitions.
European integration, in the absence of agreement on Ukraine's NATO membership, is seen as a compensatory mechanism for ensuring security. At the same time, the prospect of strengthening the EU's own defense capabilities is increasing: the post of EU Commissioner for Defense has been established, and joint security projects such as the "drone wall" are being implemented.
A new trend is evident: European partners, particularly from the Baltic and Nordic countries, see Ukraine not only as a beneficiary but also as an active guarantor of security for the EU itself. Ukraine possesses technical capabilities, a sizeable and experienced military, and expertise in modern warfare, assets still underdeveloped in Europe. Initiatives like joint air defense systems and technology exchange are considered promising, and their implementation is seen as impossible without Ukraine's participation.
The partnership involves not only European support for Ukraine but also enhancing the EU's own security thanks to Ukraine's contribution. Notably, the deployment of early warning systems and joint air defense systems on Ukrainian territory is being considered, as well as the participation of NATO member states in securing airspace over Ukraine.
However, these defense integration processes are expected to take years and to run in parallel: integration, ending the war in Ukraine, and gradual reforms within the EU. The future shape of NATO will also influence developments, including the possible growth of the European component's autonomy and closer cooperation with EU institutions. Further concrete steps and final formats for security cooperation remain to be determined and discussed.
